Improvement in apparatus for regulating temperature



- 2Sheets--Sheet1.'

l]. NAU'MANN.

Apparatus for Regulating Te-mperaiure. N0 153 368, Patpntedjuly 21,1874

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2 Sheets--Sheet 2.

0. N AUMAN-N. V Apparatus for Regulating Temperature.

Patented July 21,1874.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

OS\VALD NAUMANN, OF LEIPSIO, KINGDOM OF SAXONY.

IMPROVEMENT IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING TEMPERATURE.

Specification foriningpart of Leitcrs Patent No. 153,368, dated July 21, 1874; application filed March 13, 1874.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, OSWALD NAUMANN, of the city of Leipsic, in the Kingdom of Saxony, German Empire, have invented certain Improvements in Apparatus for Regulating Temperatures, of which the following is a specification:

My self-acting regulators are intended for heating purposes of diii'erent sorts, especially as applied to water, air, gas, or oven heating.

The construction of the regulators is as follows: In Fig. 1, f represents. a prolonged barometrical tube fixed to a balance, I, in such manner that the vacuum (1, usually enlarged, is placed at the one end of the balance l, while the lower part at of the barometer, in its form similar to the upper one, is located under the hypomochlion, and is there also fixed to the balance I by a rod, 9, prolonged downward a little for the application of regulating-weight p, when required. The barometer is inclined in such a manner that, when the balance is suspended horizontally on its fulcrum c, the mercury reaches to the bottom of d; the vacuumvessel d may be opened from above. A metal vessel, A, having any suitable form, is transfixed by the rod 9. This vessel A, furnished.

with a cock, I), and having only a connection through the pipe c with the vessel d, contains only air or gas, or a condensible gaseous matter. The cock b is shut during the transport to prevent the shocking of the mercury and the access of air into the vacuum. Likewise the pipe 0 is prolonged into the vessel d in order to preserve the mercury from entering into the cylinder A when the apparatus is moved in a more horizontal position. The weights 1) p (or, when required, a spring with an adjusting-screw pressing to the balance) serve to set the equilibrium. The apparatus is placed in a closed room-for instance, a malt-kiln-and the regulator of a heatingsource--such as a valve, or the cock of a waterheating apparatus, or the 1ikeis combined with the balance by a chain, h, in such a manner that its movements are governed entirely by the movements of the balance. 7

According to this description the action of the apparatus suspended in equilibrio is as follows: The apparatus being properly adjusted, b is left open till the temperature in in Fig. 5.

the room has almost reached the desired degree. During this time, the expanding air in the vessel A being permitted to escape through the cock I), the balance l is not disturbed, but now, the vessel A being shut, the cock I) and closed room becoming a little more heated, theair in the vessel A presses a quantity of mercury from 01 into the vacuum (1. The corresponding beam begins to sink, thus closing the heating-source, but it ascends and opens the latter more or less, when the heat diminishes, and, of course, the mercury returns to d. The same regulating power may be used alsofi if required, to operate a valve for the simultaneous entrance of a cooling current. The regulator, being perfectly closed during the working, is entirely independent of the change of the atmospheric pressure, which pressure greatly disturbs the accuracy of similar apparatus wanting the vacuum; and, above all, one and the same apparatus is able to control as well in high as in low temperature the change of a few or more degrees by setting it at any desired temperature (by closing the cock b) and regulating the valves or dampers of heating sources, according to changes of temperature, by diminishin g or increasing the weights p p.

The form and extent of this regulator may difier according to the divers methods of application. The balance may be straight or annular, simple or compound; may have equal arms or not. The barometrical tube may also be twice curved.

Some modifications are represented by Figs. 2 and 5. In Fig. 2 the barometrical tube f,

(of iron,) representing the balance itself and suspended on its axis 0, is charged, by the weights p p, in such manner, as shown in dotted lines, as to effect a vacuum in d, and, after having almost obtained the required temperature, the cock bis closed. From that moment any change of temperature will drive the mercury to the one or the other side of the tube, and the balance is moved, setting in action the valve h. The vessel A need not always be placed on the balance itself, but may be placed separately in the room or fluid to be heated, provided that it communicates through a narrow and flexible connecting-tube with the vessel 61. An apparatus of this kind is shown Around the exterior wall of the boiler B (shown in dotted lines) is placed an annular balance, I, to which the barometrical arrangement f, curved in conformity with the boiler B, (or when the heat is efl'ected by open fire, partially representing the balance itself, Fig. 4,) is fixed, while the air-holding vessel A is placed in the interior of the boiler. This vessel communicates, by means of a cock, I), with the atmosphere, through the pipe 6 and an india-rubber tube, 6, with the vessel (1. A scale, k, serves to lay on counter-weights. The valve 0' of a heating-source-fbr instance, of a conducting steam-pipe, r-is affixed in a convenient manner to the balance I. When used for steam-boilers the vessel A is surrounded by the boiler-water while the balance is placed outside of the boiler and combined with the valve of the reservoir of water.

This invention is intended for application to heating-sources of different kinds, especially for gas, water, air, stove-oven heating, or steam heatin g,(either ordinary or superheated steam.) It may be applied to closed rooms of every kind to be maintained at a constant degree of temperature for dwelling-rooms, green-houses, hatching-ovens, drying-stoves, for processes of mash and fermentation, for all chemical, technical, and physiological apparatus, requiring uniform temperature, especially for preventing the overheating of water in steam-boilers. Finally, it may be applied, not only to regu late heating-sources, but to give motion to apparatus of every kind-for instance, appaatus for preventing danger of fire-when the temperature of a closed room surmounts a certain degree.

The invention may be placed separately or may be joined to the apparatus in use.

The essential difl'erence which my invention possesses compared with other similar instruments mainly consists in the employment of a vacuum and in the following advantages: First, it contains in itself, by virtue of the vacuum, an essential power independent of another power-for instance, steam-so that it begins to operate even by the slightest variation of temperature, changing the same into a motive-power. Second, it may be used as well for hermetically-closed apartments (as steam-boilers) as for rooms, malt-kilns, hatching-rooms, evaporating fluids, &c. Third, its motive-power may be brought to a considerable degree by enlarging the vacuum-vessel so as to overcome friction in the attached auxiliary instruments. Fourth, it is independent of any change of atmospheric pressure, which is a great hinderance in similar apparatus without the use of the vacuum. Fifth, it is independent of the pressure of the steam-for instance, in steam-boilersand therefore it may be used to prevent the danger of overheating the water in steam-boilers. Sixth, it operates by air or gas, the expanding qualities of which are greater than that of fluids, (water, mercury, &c.,) so that the atmospheric counter-pressure, (still being suspended by the vacuum,) even at changes of temperature of one or two degrees, causes a sure and rapid eiiect, and may be used as well in the coldest as in the highest temperature.

I claim The combination of the vessel A, containing atmospheric air or gas, or condensible gaseous matter, with a barometrical tube,f prolonged and balanced, as described, the vacuum of which, 61, is placed at one end of the balance, while the lower part is located under the hypomochlion G, or at the other side of the balance, substantially as shown and described.

This specification signed by me this 30th day of January, 1874.

DR. OSWALD NAUMANN. 

